Anticonvulsants

AED	Trade name	Abbrev.	MOA	Metabolism	Protein binding	Adverse effect	Gen.	Dosage
Carbamazepine	Tegretol	CBZ	Na & Ca channels	hep > ren; enzyme inducing		SIADH	1st	200 – 400 mg TID
Clobazam	Onfi	CLB	GABA	hepatic			2nd	5 – 40mg BID
Clonazepam	Rivotril; Klonopin	CLZ	GABA				1st
Ethosuximide	Zarontin	ESX	Ca channel	hep > ren			1st	1000 mg/day TID
Gabapentin	Neurontin	GBP	GABA	renal			2nd	300 mg HS – 3600 mg/day BID
Lacosamide	Vimpat	LCM	Na channel	ren & hep			2nd	25 – 200 mg BID
Lamotrigine	Lamictal	LTG	Na channel	hep > ren			2nd	25 – 200 mg BID (100 mg BID if VPA)
Levetiracetam	Keppra	LEV	SV2A	ren > hep	< 10%	personality changes, irritability, sedation, hallucinations.	2nd	250 – 1500 mg BID
Oxcarbazepine	Trileptal	OXC	Na & Ca channels	ren & hep	40%		2nd	300 – 600 mg BID; max 2400 mg/day
Perapanel	Fycompa	PER	AMPA	hepatic		irritability	2nd	2 – 12mg HS
Phenobarbital	Luminal	PB	GABA	hep > ren; enzyme inducing	20 – 45%		1st	100 – 300 mg/day BID; Loading 20 mg/kg if SE
Phenytoin	Dilantin	PHT	Na & Ca channels	hep > ren; enzyme inducing [nonlinear!]	90%	ataxia; neuropathy; gingival hyperplasia	1st	Loading 20mg/kg; then 5 mg/kg/day BID
Pregabalin	Lyrica	PGB	GABA	renal			2nd	75 – 300 mg BID
Rufinamide	Banzel	RUF	Na channel	hepatic			2nd	200 – 1600 mg BID
Topiramate	Topamax	TPM	AMPA; GABA; CA	renal; enzyme inducing			2nd	25 mg QD – 100 mg BID
Valproic acid	Depakene	VPA	Na & Ca channels	hepatic CYP450	> 90%	elevated LFTs	1st	[10–15] mg/kg/day BID – 60 mg/kg/day
Vigabatrin	Sabril	VGB	GABA	renal			2nd	500mg – 3g/day BID
Zonisamide	Zonegran	ZNS	Na & Ca channels	hep > ren			2nd	100 – 400 mg/day QD or BID